An electric vehicle charger is used when the battery of an electric vehicle ages

Using Electric Vehicle Chargers with an Aging Battery: Key Considerations
As electric vehicle (EV) batteries degrade over time, their charging behavior and performance may change significantly. Aging batteries often exhibit reduced capacity, slower charging rates, and increased sensitivity to temperature extremes, all of which impact how chargers should be used. Below are essential guidelines for adapting charging practices to accommodate an aging EV battery.

1. Adjust Charging Speed to Prevent Overstressing the Battery
Older batteries are more vulnerable to damage from rapid charging, which generates excess heat and accelerates chemical degradation.

• Opt for Level 2 Charging Over Fast Charging: While fast chargers (DC) are convenient, they place greater strain on aging cells. Level 2 (AC) chargers, though slower, distribute energy more evenly, reducing thermal stress.

• Monitor Charging Rates: Some EVs allow users to manually limit charging speed. If your vehicle supports this feature, set a lower maximum rate to minimize heat buildup during sessions.

• Avoid Charging to 100% Frequently: Fully charging an aging battery can exacerbate capacity loss. Instead, aim for 80–90% state-of-charge (SoC) for daily use, reserving 100% for occasional long trips.

2. Manage Temperature Extremes During Charging
Aging batteries are less efficient at regulating internal temperature, making them prone to overheating in hot conditions or struggling to accept charge in cold weather.

• Charge in Moderate Environments: Whenever possible, park and charge in shaded areas during summer or heated garages during winter. Extreme temperatures force the battery to work harder, accelerating degradation.

• Precondition the Battery Before Charging: Many EVs offer a “preconditioning” feature that adjusts the battery’s temperature to optimal levels before charging begins. Use this function to improve efficiency and reduce strain.

• Pause Charging if Overheating Occurs: If the battery or charger feels unusually hot during a session, stop charging temporarily to allow cooling. Resume only after temperatures stabilize.

3. Monitor Battery Health Indicators Closely
Aging batteries often provide early warning signs of declining performance. Pay attention to these signals to adjust charging habits proactively.

• Track Reduced Range Over Time: A noticeable drop in driving range per charge may indicate capacity loss. If range decreases by 20% or more, consider charging more frequently but in shorter sessions.

• Watch for Inconsistent Charging Times: If the battery takes significantly longer to reach the same SoC as before, it may struggle to accept current efficiently. Avoid forcing prolonged charging sessions, as they can worsen degradation.

• Check for Error Messages Related to Charging: Some EVs display warnings like “reduced charging power” or “battery temperature abnormal” when aging cells struggle. Address these promptly by consulting a certified technician.

4. Adapt Charging Frequency to Compensate for Reduced Capacity
As battery capacity diminishes, more frequent charging may become necessary to maintain daily usability.

• Charge More Often but for Shorter Durations: Instead of waiting for the battery to deplete significantly, top it up during breaks or overnight to avoid deep discharges, which are harder on aging cells.

• Use Opportunity Charging Wisely: Take advantage of short stops (e.g., grocery runs) to add a small amount of charge. This spreads out electrical stress over multiple sessions rather than concentrating it into one long charge.

• Plan Routes Around Charging Stops: For older EVs with limited range, map trips to include charging stations at regular intervals. This ensures you never push the battery to its limits, reducing strain.

By tailoring charging practices to the needs of an aging battery, EV owners can extend its useful life and maintain safer, more efficient operation. Regular monitoring and adjustments based on temperature, speed, and frequency help mitigate the effects of degradation over time.